BibTeX:

@inproceedings{brown2021frame,
author = {Brown, Neil and Kyfonidis, Charalampos and Weill-Tessier, Pierre and Becker, Brett and Dillane, Joe and K\"{o}lling, Michael},
title = {A Frame of Mind: Frame-Based vs. Text-Based Editing},
year = {2021},
isbn = {9781450385688},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3481282.3481286},
doi = {10.1145/3481282.3481286},
abstract = {Block-based programming has become popular for children and young school students, but at university level almost all programming is still text-based. A third intermediate option is the use of frame-based editors that combine elements of both block- and text-based systems. However, there have been few evaluations of the efficacy of frame-based
editing, so its suitability for school use is uncertain. This paper describes an experiment comparing the use of frame-based and text-based editing in a UK school setting. A total of 85 teenage students from five different schools each completed three sessions of object-oriented programming tasks and a programming quiz, with each school assigned
to use either a text-based editor or frame-based editor. We found no difference in understanding of object-oriented concepts between the two editors, and no difference in task completion times. This provides some evidence to suggest that frame-based editing is a viable option for use in a school setting, in place of text-based editing.
},
booktitle = {United Kingdom and Ireland Computing Education Research Conference.},
articleno = {2},
numpages = {7},
keywords = {BlueJ, object orientation, Java, K-12, Stride, frame-based editing},
location = {Glasgow, United Kingdom},
series = {UKICER '21}
}

EndNote:

%0 Conference Paper
%T A Frame of Mind: Frame-based vs. Text-based Editing
%@ 9781450385688
%U https://doi.org/10.1145/3481282.3481286
%R 10.1145/3481282.3481286
%B United Kingdom and Ireland Computing Education Research conference.
%I Association for Computing Machinery
%A Neil Brown
%A Charalampos Kyfonidis
%A Pierre Weill-Tessier
%A Brett Becker
%A Joe Dillane
%A Michael Kölling
%D 2021
%P Article 2
%K BlueJ, object orientation, Java, K-12, Stride, frame-based editing
%C Glasgow, United Kingdom

ACM:

Neil Brown, Charalampos Kyfonidis, Pierre Weill-Tessier, Brett Becker, Joe Dillane, and Michael Kölling. 2021. A Frame of Mind: Frame-based vs. Text-based Editing. In United Kingdom and Ireland Computing Education Research conference. (UKICER '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 2, 1–7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3481282.3481286